The data units window

This window allows you to inspect, set or convert the units of the data values of your spectra.

The most trivial use of these is simply to document what type of units your spectra are measured in. However, a more powerful use of data units can be made when displaying more than one spectrum in a plot. In that case you can request that the data values of all the spectra are transformed into the same system, so you can compare values in Janskys with those in other flux per unit frequency and per unit wavelength systems (note to activate this option you must have the Options->Match coordinates and/or fluxes menu item selected in the plot window). For instance all the following systems are understood as fluxes and can be intercompared:

Jy	($Jansky$)
W/m^2/Hz	( $W*m^{-2}*Hz^{-1}$)
W/m^2/Angstrom	( $W*m^{-2}*Angstrom^{-1}$)
W/cm^2/um	( $W*cm^{-2}*um^{-1}$)
erg/cm^2/s/Hz	( $erg*cm^{-2}*s^{-1}*Hz^{-1}$)
erg/cm^2/s/Angstrom	( $erg*cm^{-2}*s^{-1}*Angstrom^{-1}$)

Plus variations like $Joules$ instead of $ergs$ or maybe $N m$, etc. When reading unit strings like W/m^2/Hz you should say Watts per metre squared per Hertz, which is actually mathematically the same as the expressions shown in to the right in parentheses ( $W*m^{-2}*Hz^{-1}$ in this case). Note that dimensionally equivalent unit strings to those above maybe be recognised and re-formatted.

In addition to flux systems dimensionally similar ones can also be used and transformed between in a plot, things like temperature. SPLAT-VO understands that $K$ and $mK$ are temperatures in Kelvins and milliKelvins, same for units like $eV$ and $keV$.

The units are described using strings that follow the conventions in FITS-WCS paper I Representation of World Coordinate in FITS by Greisen & Calabretta, and processed by the Starlink AST library (SUN/211). The following section is copied from SUN/211 for convenience. Not all units are relevant to data values (AST also provides the underlying coordinate transformations used in SPLAT-VO) and as noted above not all possible unit strings can be understood as fluxes (although support for more types is expected, for instance temperatures and magnitudes).

The adopted syntax is that described in FITS-WCS paper I Representation of World Coordinate in FITS by Greisen & Calabretta. We distinguish here between ``basic'' units and ``derived'' units: derived units are defined in terms of other units (either derived or basic), whereas basic units have no such definitions. Derived units may be represented by their own symbol (e.g. ``Jy''--the Jansky) or by a mathematical expression which combines other symbols and constants to form a definition of the unit (e.g. ``km/s''--kilometres per second). Unit symbols may be prefixed by a string representing a standard multiple or sub-multiple.

In addition to the unit symbols listed in FITS-WCS Paper I, any other arbitrary unit symbol may be used, with the proviso that it will not be possible to convert between spectra using such units. The exception to this is if both spectra refer to the same unknown unit string. For instance, an axis with unknown unit symbol "flop" could be converted to an axis with unit "Mflop" (Mega-flop).

Unit symbols (optionally prefixed with a multiple or sub-multiple) can be combined together using a limited range of mathematical operators and functions, to produce new units. Such expressions may also contain parentheses and numerical constants (these may optionally use ``scientific'' notation including an ``E'' character to represent the power of 10).

The following tables list the symbols for the basic and derived units which may be included in a units string, the standard prefixes for multiples and sub-multiples, and the strings which may be used to represent mathematical operators and functions.

Basic units
Quantity	Symbol	Full Name
length	m	metre
mass	g	gram
time	s	second
plane angle	rad	radian
solid angle	sr	steradian
temperature	K	Kelvin
electric current	A	Ampere
amount of substance	mol	mole
luminous intensity	cd	candela

Prefixes for multiples & sub-multiples
Sub-multiple	Name	Prefix	Sub-multiple	Name	Prefix
$10^{-1}$	deci	d	$10$	deca	da
$10^{-2}$	centi	c	$10^{2}$	hecto	h
$10^{-3}$	milli	m	$10^{3}$	kilo	k
$10^{-6}$	micro	u	$10^{6}$	mega	M
$10^{-9}$	nano	n	$10^{9}$	giga	G
$10^{-12}$	pico	p	$10^{12}$	tera	T
$10^{-15}$	femto	f	$10^{15}$	peta	P
$10^{-18}$	atto	a	$10^{18}$	exa	E
$10^{-21}$	zepto	z	$10^{21}$	zetta	Z
$10^{-24}$	yocto	y	$10^{24}$	yotta	Y

Mathematical operators & functions
String	Meaning
sym1 sym2	multiplication (a space)
sym1*sym2	multiplication (an asterisk)
sym1.sym2	multiplication (a dot)
sym1/sym2	division
sym1**y	exponentiation ($y$ must be a numerical constant)
sym1^y	exponentiation ($y$ must be a numerical constant)
log(sym1)	common logarithm
ln(sym1)	natural logarithm
exp(sym1)	exponential
sqrt(sym1)	square root

Derived units
Quantity	Symbol	Full Name	Definition
area	barn	barn	1.0E-28 m**2
area	pix	pixel
area	pixel	pixel
electric capacitance	F	Farad	C/V
electric charge	C	Coulomb	A s
electric conductance	S	Siemens	A/V
electric potential	V	Volt	J/C
electric resistance	Ohm	Ohm	V/A
energy	J	Joule	N m
energy	Ry	Rydberg	13.605692 eV
energy	eV	electron-Volt	1.60217733E-19 J
energy	erg	erg	1.0E-7 J
events	count	count
events	ct	count
events	ph	photon
events	photon	photon
flux density	Jy	Jansky	1.0E-26 W /m**2 /Hz
flux density	R	Rayleigh	1.0E10/(4*PI) photon.m**-2 /s/sr
flux density	mag	magnitude
force	N	Newton	kg m/s**2
frequency	Hz	Hertz	1/s
illuminance	lx	lux	lm/m**2
inductance	H	Henry	Wb/A
length	AU	astronomical unit	1.49598E11 m
length	Angstrom	Angstrom	1.0E-10 m
length	lyr	light year	9.460730E15 m
length	pc	parsec	3.0867E16 m
length	solRad	solar radius	6.9599E8 m
luminosity	solLum	solar luminosity	3.8268E26 W
luminous flux	lm	lumen	cd sr
magnetic field	G	Gauss	1.0E-4 T
magnetic flux	Wb	Weber	V s
mass	solMass	solar mass	1.9891E30 kg
mass	u	unified atomic mass unit	1.6605387E-27 kg
magnetic flux density	T	Tesla	Wb/m**2
plane angle	arcmin	arc-minute	1/60 deg
plane angle	arcsec	arc-second	1/3600 deg
plane angle	mas	milli-arcsecond	1/3600000 deg
plane angle	deg	degree	pi/180 rad
power	W	Watt	J/s
pressure, stress	Pa	Pascal	N/m**2
time	a	year	31557600 s
time	d	day	86400 s
time	h	hour	3600 s
time	yr	year	31557600 s
time	min	minute	60 s
	D	Debye	1.0E-29/3 C.m

Accelerator keys

• Control-n Convert from current data units to UI values.
• Control-s Set data units to UI values.
• Control-w Close the window.
• F1 Display help on SPLAT-VO.
• Shift-F1 Display help on window.